英语中的代词是什么? 英语代词大全一览表
英语中的代词(Pronouns)解析
定义
代词是代替名词或名词短语的一类词,用于避免重复、简化表达。其核心功能是指代已知或上下文提及的人、事物、时刻、地点等,例如:
“Jack’s sister is a doctor. She lives in Australia.”
其中”She” 代替了”Jack’s sister”。
代词的分类与用法
根据功能和意义,英语代词主要分为下面内容9类,涵盖主格、宾格、所有格等多种形式:
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人称代词(Personal Pronouns)
- 主格(作主语):I, you, he, she, it, we, they
She came into the room.
- 宾格(作宾语或介词后):me, you, him, her, us, them
Please helpus.
- 顺序制度:单数按“第二人称→第三人称→第一人称”(you → he/she → I);复数按“第一人称→第二人称→第三人称”(we → you → they)。
- 主格(作主语):I, you, he, she, it, we, they
-
物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)
- 形容词性(修饰名词):my, your, his, her, its, our, their
This ismy book.
- 名词性(独立使用):mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
The dog ismine.
- 形容词性(修饰名词):my, your, his, her, its, our, their
-
反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)
- 表示动作影响于自身:myself, yourself, himself, themselves 等
He hurthimself.(作宾语)
Imyself did it.(作同位语,强调)
- 表示动作影响于自身:myself, yourself, himself, themselves 等
-
指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns)
- 指代特定对象:this(近)、that(远)、these(复数近)、those(复数远)
This is my pen.
Those look interesting.
- 指代特定对象:this(近)、that(远)、these(复数近)、those(复数远)
-
疑问代词(Interrogative Pronouns)
- 引导疑问句:who(主格)、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)、what、which
Who is that man?
What did you say?
- 引导疑问句:who(主格)、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)、what、which
-
不定代词(Indefinite Pronouns)
- 指代不特定对象:some(肯定)、any(否定/疑问)、all、each、both、many、much
I needsome water.
Many students like this book.
- 指代不特定对象:some(肯定)、any(否定/疑问)、all、each、both、many、much
-
相互代词(Reciprocal Pronouns)
- 表示相互关系:each other(两者)、one another(三者及以上)
They loveeach other.
The students helpedone another.
- 表示相互关系:each other(两者)、one another(三者及以上)
-
关系代词(Relative Pronouns)
- 引导定语从句:who(人)、which(物)、that(通用)、whose(所有格)
The manwho helped me is my uncle.
The bookthat I bought is interesting.
- 引导定语从句:who(人)、which(物)、that(通用)、whose(所有格)
-
连接代词(Conjunctive Pronouns)
- 连接从句:what(事物)、who(人)、which(选择)、whatever(任何)
I don’t knowwhat he said.
Whoever comes will be welcome.
- 连接从句:what(事物)、who(人)、which(选择)、whatever(任何)
核心语法制度与注意事项
-
主格与宾格不可混淆:
错误:He gave the book toI.
正确:He gave the book tome. -
物主代词需区分形容词性与名词性:
错误:This book ismy.
正确:This book ismine. -
反身代词不可单独作主语:
错误:Myself did it.
正确:I did itmyself. -
疑问代词与关系代词的区别:
Who is he?(疑问代词)
The manwho helped me.(关系代词)
典型例句与场景应用
-
综合指代:
“Snow is precipitation in the form of ice crystals.It originates in clouds.”
→It 代替 “snow” . -
避免重复:
“Visitors swarm across Central Park.They loveit.”
→They 代替 “visitors”,it 代替 “Central Park” . -
强调与逻辑:
“The only one who can save me ismyself.”
→ 反身代词加强语气 .
进修建议
- 对比练习:区分主格/宾格(如 I vs. me)、形容词性/名词性物主代词(如 my vs. mine)。
- 情境造句:用疑问代词提问,用关系代词连接复杂句。
- 阅读应用:在文章中标记代词,分析其指代对象和语法功能。
如需进一步进修代词的独特用法(如不定代词的否定形式、关系代词的省略制度),可参考详细语法教材或专项练习